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Conceptual Drawing
เนื่องจากสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของเชื้อไวรัสโควิด-19 เศรษฐกิจชะงัก ชาวสวนชาวไร่ก็ได้รับผลกระทบอย่างเลี่ยงไม่ได้ โดยเฉพาะสถานการณ์ของผลไม้ประจำฤดูกาลสำคัญอย่าง ทุเรียน มังคุด ลองกอง และเงาะ ที่ภาครัฐกำลังห่วงกังวลเพราะทำการส่งออกได้ลดลงอย่างมากในช่วงที่มีการแพร่ระบาดของโรคนี้ ทั้งในส่วนของภาคตะวันออกที่เริ่มออกสู่ท้องตลาดแล้วตั้งแต่ต้นเดือนมกราคม และจะเพิ่มจำนวนมากขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ ไปจนถึงเดือนกรกฎาคม ส่งผลกระทบให้การขนส่งผลไม้สดนั้นมีความสูญเสียในทุกขั้นตอนตั้งแต่การเก็บรวบรวม การคัดเลือก การบรรจุ และการขนส่ง สำหรับเกษตรกรนั้นมักจะขายเป็นผลไม้สดซึ่งแทบทั้งหมดเป็นการขายในฤดูกาลที่มีผลไม้ชนิดนั้นในปริมาณมากเกินความต้องการของท้องตลาด เกิดการแข่งขันตัดราคาเพื่อให้สามารถขายได้ในจำนวนมาก ทำให้ได้ราคาต่ำหรือขาดทุนหากเทียบกับช่วงก่อนเกิดสถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดของเชื้อไวรัส แม้จะมีเทคนิคให้ผลไม้ออกนอกฤดูกาล ทำให้สามารถขายได้ในราคาที่ดี แต่ต้องใช้กรรมวิธีหรือสารเคมีซึ่งมีผลต่อต้นไม้และผลไม้ ส่งผลให้ผู้ผลิตและผู้บริโภคได้รับอันตรายจากสารเคมี
การทำผลไม้อบแห้งจึงตอบโจทย์ผู้ผลิตที่สามารถเพิ่มมูลค่าให้กับสินค้า สามารถจัดการกับปริมาณผลผลิตที่ล้นตลาด และผู้ปริโภคที่ต้องการรับประทานผลไม้นอกฤดูที่ปลอดภัยจากการใช้สารเคมี จัดเก็บไว้ได้นาน รวมทั้งได้รับคุณค่าทางสารอาหารที่ยังครบถ้วน รสชาติที่ดี และการอบแห้งไม่ได้เป็นการทำลายสารอาหารที่มีอยู่ในผลไม้ ดังนั้น ผลไม้อบแห้งจะยังคงคุณค่าทางสารอาหารเช่นเดิม
• รับวัตถุดิบเข้ามาในสายพาน
• มีระบบ vision + AI ตรวจสอบความสมบูรณ์ของวัตถุดิบ
• คัดแยกวัตถุดิบที่ไม่ได้คุณภาพออกจากระบบ
• นำเข้าเครื่องอบ
• ตรวจสอบความชื้นของผลผลิต
• คัดแยกผลผลิตที่ไม่ได้ความชื้นตามมาตรฐานออกจากระบบ
เทคโนโลยีที่เกี่ยวข้อง
• สามารถดาวน์โหลดข้อมูลผ่านสาย USB แสดงค่าเป็นกราฟหรือตารางได้
Summary
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Post.
Post
Meeting Robot.
ซ่อมเครื่องมือ
ประชุมออโตเมชั่น
Robot Project Discussion หลักสูตรหุ่นยนต์และระบบอัตโนมัติ
นั่งหัดทำอยู่หลายชั่วโมงยังไม่ได้ Raspberry Pie python Sensor library
OS. ubuntu to Raspbian 64 bit lite
SMART Agricultural Robot Contest 2021
Agricultural Product Processing Automation System
Dehumidification and Drying Fruit Automation System
By
Kittithut Phoncharean 6230300117
Phonlawat duangtoi 6230304643
Kornkamon Puakhom 6230340003
Koranit Pundee 6230340011
Chompoonik Boonrord 6230340020
Bantoon Saengpairao 6230340054
Surangkana Phiraban 6330340111
Saris Chomchiawcharn 6330340102
Wetpisit kosonsasitorn 6330340137
Treejakkapong Sutthisri 6330340030
Jerich Chad Sison 6330340013
Runch Suwankosit 6330340081
Advisors
Kittipong Yaovaja
Pongsakon Bamrungthai
Songchai Jitpakdeebodin
This report is part of 03607399
Engineering Project for Robotics and Automation System II
Bachelor of Engineering Program in Robotics and Automation System Engineering
Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus
Academic Year 2022
ABSTRACT
From the SMART Agricultural Robot Contest 2021 on the topic of robots for
processing factories into agricultural products. Has studied knowledge and understanding
about the process of processing agricultural products into products and the application of
equipment, tools, and robots, including artificial intelligence to work in order to improve the
quality of the production process for the highest quality and efficiency. It is a model for
applying technology in the industrial sector in the future. To increase the quantity and
quality of production to benefit both Thai farmers and also help consumers get good quality
products. It can be seen that the current small agricultural machinery equipment is still
expensive because it cannot be built by yourself. Must be imported to order from abroad,
requiring high production costs. The organizing committee of this project sincerely hopes
that This project research report will benefit the agricultural sector in the field of smart
agricultural technology in Thailand. To develop ideas and create robots and artificial
intelligence for agriculture.
Table of Contents
Introduction 4
Importance and origin 4
Objective 4
Scope 5
Expected benefits 5
Information about making dried pineapples 5
First draft design of the oven 6
Belt oven principle 6
System overview 7
Workflow of system 8
Oven operating system 10
Fans for circulating heat and dissipating humidity 11
Problems 11
Results 12
Heater and heat control in the oven 13
Temperature Control 13
Heater 13
Thermocouple 14
Problems 15
Checking the heat distribution in the oven 16
Problems 16
Results 17
Summary of unresolved problems 19
Plans to be made after receiving the second funding 19
Responsibility 21
Introduction
Importance and origin
Due to the epidemic situation of the COVID-19 virus economic downturn Farmers
were inevitably affected. Especially the situation of important seasonal fruits such as durian,
mangosteen, longkong and rambutan, which the government is worried about because
exports have dropped dramatically during the epidemic of this disease. both in the eastern
part that has begun to market since the beginning of January And will continue to increase
the number until July. Consequently, fresh fruit transportation is a waste at all stages of
collection, picking, packing and transportation. For farmers, it is often sold as fresh fruit,
which is almost always in season. that type in excess of the market demand There was a
price cut competition in order to be able to sell in large quantities. resulting in low prices or
losses compared to the period before the epidemic situation of the virus Even though there
is a technique to keep the fruit out of season making it able to sell at a good price but
requires a process or chemical that affects trees and fruits As a result, producers and
consumers are exposed to chemical hazards.
The production of dried, therefore meets the needs of manufacturers who can add
value to their products. able to deal with oversupply and consumers who want to eat off-
season fruits that are safe from the use of chemicals can be stored for a long time Including
getting the nutrients that are complete, good taste and drying does not destroy the
nutrients contained in the fruit, so dried fruit will retain the same nutrient value.
Objective
To develop a prototype of a fruit processing system by controlling humidity and
checking the quality of the produce. with the use of image processing technology and
artificial intelligence to support.
Scope
Develop a prototype of an automated system that can dehumidify the fruit more
efficiently, increasing the quality of the product. The raw materials are arranged before they
are baked. Dehumidification ovens and monitors the moisture content of the product after
baking. in order to produce quality products and suitable humidity for storage.
Expected benefits
Reduce the cost of hiring workers in the production system
Increase the quantity and efficiency of agricultural product processing.
Encourage agriculture to have access to technology that reduces time and labor at a
price that is less expensive than the industrial sector.
Information about making dried pineapples
From asking for information about dried pineapple making with experts from the
Institute of Food Product Research and Development. It was found that most of the
pineapples to be baked should be pre-cooked. Because if it is not preserved the pineapple
and then baked, the pineapple will dry like paper. But if you don’t want to soak it and then
put it in the oven, you should use Phu Lae pineapple. because it is sweeter than other
varieties Suitable to be baked if we do not preserve the pineapple. This is because the sugar
will help fix the structure of the pineapple chunks so they don’t become too dry.
Pineapple baking requires a temperature not higher than 60-70 degrees celsius and
takes a long time. because if the temperature is too high The pineapple surface will burn.
This prevents the moisture remaining in the pineapple slices from evaporating. This will
result in an AW (water activity) value greater than 0.6, which will cause a lot of humidity to
cause mold and can’t be stored for a long time. The thickness of the pineapple slices also
affects the baking process. If the slices are too thick, they won’t dry out. But if the slices are
too thin and the pineapple doesn’t have sugar to help pull the structure. This will cause the
pineapple to dry into paper.
First draft design of the oven
Belt oven principle
A heating coil is installed above the tunnel to heat the raw material. There is one fan
for circulating the heat to keep the heat unstable at any point. And there are 2 fans for
cooling from the oven to control the heat from being too hot. The belt speed during baking
must have a slow motion rate. This is because the raw material is required to be fully
heated, but the belt will need to be very long. There is a temperature sensor in the oven to
control the heat inside the oven not too high or too low.
From the first design, the oven was a built-in on conveyor. because it is easy to
transport and bake But found a problem in the matter of heat retention. From the design, it
can be seen that there is heat loss from the inlet and outlet. In addition, the resulting
pineapple will be dry like a paper. After consulted with experts from the Institute of Food
Research and Development. It was found that dried pineapple should be kept at constant
temperature and humidity. Otherwise the baked pineapple will burn when the temperature
is too high. or unable to store for a long time because pineapple pieces still have high
humidity So decided to change from a conveyor oven to a hot air oven. which can control
the temperature and humidity to be more stable It also has a better flavor and texture than
belt oven baking.
System overview
This automatic fruit dehumidification system is divided into 3 main functions:
System Components Overview
Workflow of system
After designing the system and receiving funding for the 1st time, This is plans to take
action and use the money to buy equipment in the Processing section first.
Oven operating system
Final draft design of the oven
The principle is to make the wind circulate the heat inside the cabinet. use a big fan
it sucks up air Then compressed air through the narrow channel next to the cabinet down to
the new bottom through the heater. The second fan(small) sucks out a little air to take out
the steam. Use the smallest fan attached to the outside as you can see. Then drill a hole in
the cabinet near the heater to allow the outside air to replace it. The inside is slightly
pierced at the bottom. The reason why there is wind circulation inside is to keep the heat
from flowing out too much and then to distribute the heat in the cabinet evenly.
The oven of the processing section consists of three sub-sections:
Fans for circulating heat and dissipating humidity
For this section, the AM2315 sensor is used to monitor humidity and temperature. There will
be a relay to cut-connect the circuit of the fan to work when the humidity exceeds the set
value. and the other one works when the heat reaches the preset value.
Circuit of the circulating heating and humidification system
Operation code of the circulating heating and humidification system
Problems
Circuit connections should be made of wires and equipment that can withstand
heat. even though the heat used for baking is not very high But because baking takes a long
time and heat builds up on the oven frame. You should choose a device that can withstand
more heat than the actual baking temperature.
Results
Fan for circulating heat in the oven
Fan for venting humidity in the oven
Heater and heat control in the oven
For this part, this is the heating control of the heater in the oven, with Temperature
Control as a control. and use a thermocouple sensor to measure the temperature.
Temperature Control
Temperature control is a device that limits the temperature as specified. can
control the increase or decrease the temperature according to the desired
temperature range therefore needed to be used to control the heater for precise
measurement and control of temperature in the system without having to use
someone to control the system all the time
Heater
Finned Heater is a device to heat the workpiece by using the principle of heat
conduction. There are fins to help dissipate heat from the heater. The fins contribute
to a higher wattage than a finless heater in the same area. The fins also allow the
heater to transfer heat more quickly. Suitable for applications that require heat in the
air. It is often used for baking work that requires constant and constant heat for
baking, such as dehumidification, baking and dehumidification in cooling systems.
Selection of heater wires
Selecting the size of the heater wire must take into account the appropriate
size to withstand the applied current.
Use the formula I = P/E to calculate.
P : Power (W)
E : Voltage (V)
I : Current (A)
The heater used is 1000W, 2 pieces. 2000W / 220V = 9.1 A
When the calculated current must allow an additional 50%
9.1 + 50% = 13.6 A
Therefore, should choose a wire to connect the heater circuit. that can
withstand a current of 14 A or more
Thermocouple
Temperature control relies on a temperature sensor to transmit the
measured temperature value to the controller to maintain the temperature within
the desired operating range. according to the selected input to compare with the
desired temperature to be controlled or the desired point and send commands to
the device we want to control The sensor used is Thermocouple type K.
Heater Control Circuit by Temperature Controller
Problems
Still can’t control the operation of the heater. Due to the problem that the
Temperature control does not supply power to the solid state relay, the socket that must
be connected to the heater works. Have tried connecting the circuit to direct current to the
heater found that it works normally. Therefore, it is assumed that the device that is likely to
cause the heater to not work is a temperature control or a solid state relay because the
circuit has been tried before by the shop sent by the shop. Found that the circuit that the
shop sent was wrong. And the circuit with high current should be firmly connected to the
device, otherwise it may cause sparks when using the device.
Checking the heat distribution in the oven
Thermal camera model mlx90640 will be used to check the heat dissipation in the
oven by using the Raspberry Pi board to control the sensor and connect the LCD to see the
result of the temperature.
Oven heat dissipation check circuit
Operation code
Problems
Before starting the project, I started using Jetson nano for coding but ran into a
problem. Board does not support in many ways, some libraries can’t be installed because
they don’t support, have to change the board to a new Raspberry pi, using the first OS is
Ubuntu 20.04, but still encountering the same problem, some libraries can’t be installed in
this OS. Yes, this caused a delay and switched the OS again to Rasbian instead. After the
switch it was less problematic, more libraries could be installed, and after experimenting
with heat in front of the thermal camera sensor, the sensor delay was found. In the heat
detection delay of about 5 seconds, the problem is being solved within this section. And
another problem is that the Thermal Camera will detect all heat-conducting objects. which
will be used with pineapple But the camera will check the whole tray, not just the
pineapple. I’m currently working on a solution to this problem.
Results
Test thermal camera by detect heat of board Raspberry Pi.
Test thermal camera by detect cool of water.
Test thermal camera by detect heat of soldering iron.
After the sensor detects heat greater than the set value, it will display on the LCD
and the indicator light will turn red and there will be an audible alarm.
Summary of unresolved problems
Temperature control still cannot control the heater operation. Due to the problem
that the device refuses to supply power to the heater to work
Thermal camera has a thermal detection delay of about 5 seconds.
The oven also does not have a door and stand. Because the budget from the first
round is not enough.
Plans to be made after receiving the second funding
After receiving the second funding, it is planned to purchase equipment for the input
of raw materials by dividing the work as follows:
Design shapes and actual sizes of raw material conveyor in Solidworks.
Design, shape and actual size of tray conveyor in Solidworks.
Design, shape and actual dimensions of output conveyor in Solidworks.
Responsibility
Koranit Pundee 6230340011
In the part of mlx90640 thermal camera, learn how to use the camera
and learn about Python and Arduino. Using the camera, try the operating
system. Rasbian and Ubuntu know the differences between the two operating
systems. Use Jetson nano and raspberry PI 4 to use new libraries and
methods that libraries need to use.
Phonlawat duangtoi 6230304643
Use the raspberry PI command in a general-purpose thermal camera.
Learn how to set raspberry PI available. Know Python is used in thermal
camera and libraries.
Reference
Techniques for selecting heat resistant cables for use with Heater
Choosing type of Thermocouple
Processing pineapples into dried pineapples
Temperature control using temp control
Thermal Camera
Prototype for making a hot air incubator