{"id":9518,"date":"2026-03-20T17:07:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T10:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/?p=9518"},"modified":"2026-03-20T17:09:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T10:09:48","slug":"force-feedback-control-system-for-a-virtual-tank-driving-simulator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/?p=9518","title":{"rendered":"Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulator"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>K. Yaovaja, A. Somboonchairot, B. Wongchai, S. Damyot, S. Jitpakdeebodin. 2025. Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulator. <strong>Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering<\/strong>. Vol. 13 No. 1. (2025).Paper No. JRAME-25-13-007. (<a href=\"https:\/\/ph01.tci-thaijo.org\/index.php\/jrame\/article\/view\/254736\">link<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Title: Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulator<br>Authors: Yaovaja, A. Somboonchairot, B. Wongchai, S. Damyot, S. Jitpakdeebodin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>APA Cite:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yaovaja, K., Somboonchairot, A., Wongchai, B., Damyot, S., &amp; Jitpakdeebodin, S. (2025). <em>Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulator<\/em>. <em>Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering<\/em>, 13(1), Paper No. JRAME-25-13-007. DOI: 10.14456\/jrame.2025.7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K. Yaovaja, A. Somboonchairot, B. Wongchai, S. Damyot, and S. Jitpakdeebodin, \u201cForce Feedback Control System for a Virtual Tank Driving Simulator,\u201d <em>Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering<\/em>, vol. 13, no. 1, Paper No. JRAME-25-13-007, 2025, doi: 10.14456\/jrame.2025.7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a force feedback \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 handlebar \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07 M60A3 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e19\u0e33\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a force control \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 Hardware-in-the-Loop simulator \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 3%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Link for Research Project: <a href=\"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/?p=2952\">https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/?p=2952<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Related Information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0e17\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a simulator \u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Kxfluw58y6Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dr.Kittipong\/posts\/4624871320887801?ref=embed_post\" data-width=\"552\" style=\"background-color: #fff; display: inline-block;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pe.robotics\/posts\/518007630327851?ref=embed_post\" data-width=\"552\" style=\"background-color: #fff; display: inline-block;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Related Results:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why Force Feedback Matters Beyond Driving Simulation: Lessons for Haptics, Control, and Human-Machine Interface Design<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intro \/ Excerpt<\/strong><br>Many virtual training systems still prioritize visual immersion over physical interaction. A 2025 study in the <em>Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering<\/em> is valuable not only because it built a virtual driving simulator, but because it showed a rigorous engineering pathway: measure real operator force, model the interface behavior, design the force-feedback mechanism accordingly, and validate the simulator against the original system using quantitative error metrics. That workflow is broadly relevant far beyond military applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) Real interface design should begin with measured human force, not assumed feel.<\/strong><br>One of the most transferable contributions of this study is methodological: the authors first measured the force and position exerted by a human operator on three real control interfaces, then used those measurements as reference data for the simulator design. This is important because many virtual or electromechanical interfaces are tuned heuristically, whereas this work shows a more defensible path based on experimental force\u2013position data. That principle applies directly to automotive pedals, industrial levers, teleoperation devices, rehabilitation equipment, and robotic training interfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) Hysteresis is not noise; it is part of the user\u2019s perceived realism.<\/strong><br>A second major lesson is that interface feel is not purely linear. The study reports different force behavior during pressing and releasing, with clear hysteresis in both control elements. In other words, the operator does not experience the same force path in forward and reverse motion, and that difference materially shapes realism. This matters well beyond the original platform: any designer of pedals, joysticks, steering systems, exoskeleton handles, or surgical master devices should treat hysteresis and friction as design variables rather than as secondary imperfections to be ignored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3) Force feedback is a mechatronic control problem, not just a simulation feature.<\/strong><br>The paper is useful because it frames realism as an integration problem involving sensors, actuators, mechanics, and control architecture. The prototype used force sensors as feedback signals and servo motors to generate resistance forces that mimic the original machine. This is a strong reminder that realistic interaction in simulators and smart interfaces depends on closed-loop force control, not only on software graphics or motion cues. That insight is highly relevant to haptic devices, collaborative robots, steer-by-wire systems, and operator training platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4) Proper actuator selection should be derived from measured load and linkage geometry.<\/strong><br>Another reusable engineering contribution is the actuator-sizing logic. The paper explicitly derives required torque from measured force and mechanism linkage radius, then selects motors and gearboxes with appropriate torque margins. This is exactly the kind of design procedure that can be cited in broader mechatronic development: start from real operating force, convert it into joint torque, include transmission efficiency, and size the actuation system with a safety margin. That sequence is relevant to pedal simulators, powered hand controls, industrial training rigs, and robotic input devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5) Hardware-in-the-Loop is essential when interface realism must interact with system dynamics.<\/strong><br>The study does not stop at local force reproduction. It also integrates a kinematic and dynamic vehicle model into the simulator as a Hardware-in-the-Loop architecture, linking operator input, simulated motion, and force-feedback behavior into one system. This is a broadly important design pattern: if a virtual interface is meant to represent a physical machine, the human interface and the plant dynamics should be co-simulated rather than treated as separate modules. That lesson can be generalized to robotics, construction equipment simulators, teleoperation, driver training, and digital-twin-based human-in-the-loop systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6) Validation should include force amplitude and path-dependent behavior, not only endpoint agreement.<\/strong><br>The paper is also citable for how it validates realism. The authors compare the simulator against the original system using maximum force and hysteresis-related error, rather than claiming realism from appearance or user impression alone. They report that the reproduced maximum force errors were below 3%, while hysteresis matching was also examined explicitly. For anyone building force-feedback systems, this is an important evaluation lesson: validate not only displacement or final state, but also loading path, release path, nonlinear behavior, and dynamic feel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7) Even simple proportional control can produce practical realism at prototype stage.<\/strong><br>A further practical point is that the prototype achieved useful realism using proportional control, while the authors openly note remaining variation due to system dynamics and suggest gain scheduling, intelligent control, or nonlinear control as future improvements. That makes the work particularly useful for applied researchers and development teams: it shows that an effective prototype does not always require the most sophisticated controller from day one, provided that the physical modeling, sensing, and validation framework are sound. This is a valuable message for engineering education, startup prototyping, and industrial proof-of-concept development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8) The broader value of this paper is its transferable workflow.<\/strong><br>The most important reason this article deserves wider citation is not the specific application domain, but the complete engineering workflow it demonstrates: measure real human-interface forces, identify nonlinear behavior, design a force-generating mechanism, implement feedback control, integrate the device with a dynamic model, and validate the result quantitatively and with domain users. That workflow can be reused in papers on haptics, rehabilitation robotics, remote manipulation, intelligent cockpits, active pedals, steer-by-wire, industrial simulators, and human-centered mechatronic systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><br>This study should be read not only as a simulator paper, but as a reference on how to engineer physical realism into human-machine interfaces. Its core message is broadly applicable: if a virtual or electromechanical interface is expected to feel real, designers should base it on measured force behavior, preserve nonlinear characteristics such as hysteresis, and validate the result quantitatively within a closed-loop system architecture. That is precisely why this paper can be cited meaningfully in work that has nothing to do with tanks at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Abstract<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The virtual force feedback system has not been implemented in most tank driving simulators which provide less realistic and less effectiveness of army personnel training. M60A3 tanks have been a prevalent tank for many decades but the information of military tanks was mystery, and has rarely been presented or published. Force exerted by a driver to the driving mechanism of a tank vehicle could be varied due to model uncertainty. The dynamics of a mechanical mechanism, which combines the rotational motion, static friction, sliding friction, and fluid friction, is considered. This paper presented the systematic technique to collect the force information and design force feedback system for a virtual tank driving simulator. Force measurements were applied for collecting the force exerted by drivers on the gas pedal, the brake pedal, and the handlebar of the tank. The force data is the reference data for designing the virtual tank driving simulator. The tank&#8217;s driving mechanisms with force feedback systems, those are a brake pedal, a gas pedal and a handlebar, were developed. The force sensors were used as feedback signals to control industrial servo motors to generate resistance forces as the original M60A3 tank. Vehicle dynamic model was implemented to the virtual driving simulator as vehicle system integration as Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). The force feedback control system generated the maximum force as 214.06 N. and 466.78 N. on gas pedal, and brake pedal, respectively as the actual M60A3 tank which the errors are less than 3%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e42\u0e1f\u0e01\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e 3D, \u0e08\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e, motion platform \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e34\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u201c\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u201d \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 <em>Force Feedback Control System for a Virtual Tank Driving Simulator<\/em> \u0e15\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19 <em>Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering<\/em> \u0e1b\u0e35 2025 \u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a simulator \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e14\u0e32 feel \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07 M60A3 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 force-feedback system \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e08\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a engineering-driven \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48 animation-driven \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0b\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0b\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d gas pedal, brake pedal \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 handlebar \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25 time-series \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e14\/\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 reference \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a force-feedback \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 simulator \u0e23\u0e38\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u201d \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 214.06 \u0e19\u0e34\u0e27\u0e15\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 466.78 \u0e19\u0e34\u0e27\u0e15\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 hysteresis \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35 hysteresis \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e13 53 \u0e19\u0e34\u0e27\u0e15\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e13 250 \u0e19\u0e34\u0e27\u0e15\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e30\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\/\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33 simulator, haptics, robotics \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 human-machine interface \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u201c\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u201d \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e04\u0e48\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e38\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 nonlinearity \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 hysteresis \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e19\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e02\u0e32 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19 force control, pedal feel simulation, steer-by-wire feel design, heavy equipment training system \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 Hardware-in-the-Loop integration \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e04\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 simulator \u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01 force feedback \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a pedal \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 handlebar \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49 AC servo motor, planetary gearbox, force sensor, encoder, real-time controller \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 FPGA \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21 \u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d vehicle dynamics model \u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a simulator \u0e43\u0e19\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30 Hardware-in-the-Loop \u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e25\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e19\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e41\u0e04\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e18\u0e4c \u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a force feedback \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2.72% \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 0.69% \u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 hysteresis \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 -3.77% \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 -20% \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e41\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e34\u0e08\u0e39\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 time response \u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e38\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 force-feedback \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21 realism \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 gain scheduling, intelligent control \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d nonlinear control \u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e38\u0e21\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 GulfThai \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e40\u0e17\u0e04\u0e42\u0e19\u0e42\u0e25\u0e22\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 mechanical engineering, mechatronics, control engineering, simulation \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 defense technology \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07 simulator \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e41\u0e04\u0e48 \u201c\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u201d \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49 interaction \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e16\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e01\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01 \u0e23\u0e16\u0e02\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e23\u0e16\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48 robotic teleoperation \u0e01\u0e47\u0e21\u0e35\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07 workflow \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e07\u0e08\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a \u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01 actuator \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 torque requirement \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 force control \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 HIL integration \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07 methodology \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 benchmark \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a simulator \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 \u201c\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u201d \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 realistic simulator \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 real force data \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e27\u0e34\u0e28\u0e27\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e13\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27 \u0e19\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K. Yaovaja, A. Somboonchairot, B. Wongchai, S. Damyot, S. Jitpakdeebodin. 2025. Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulator. Journal of Research and Applications in Mechanical Engineering. Vol. 13 No. 1. (2025).Paper No. JRAME-25-13-007. (link) Title: Force feedback control system for a virtual tank driving simulatorAuthors: Yaovaja, A. Somboonchairot, B. Wongchai, S. Damyot,<br \/><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/?p=9518\">Complete Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-engineering"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9518"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9522,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9518\/revisions\/9522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulfthai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}